You've probably heard of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis. It is also present in CBD products made with natural cannabinoids. But what is this molecule that's shaking up opinions the world over? Together, we're going to find out more about THC.
To remember
- THC is an active molecule naturally present in cannabis and hemp plants. It is also known as a phytocannabinoid.
- THC can alter perception and reflexes, but could help you sleep better.
- Cannabinoids interact differently with CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Definition of THC: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
THC, or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is a plant-derived molecule known as a phytocannabinoid. Basically, it's a molecule naturally present in cannabis, the prefix "phyto" meaning plant.
This plant is made up of around a hundred active compounds, of which THC is undoubtedly the best known, along with CBD (cannabidiol). Responsible for the psychotropic effects of the cannabis plant, THC acts directly on the brain and can alter its perception.
But beware, it's all a question of concentration. Hemp grown for legal purposes, such as CBD, contains a very small amount of THC, generally less than 0.3% according to the regulations in force in your country. In this case, its psychotropic effects are non-existent, but its presence remains essential for better assimilation.
Indeed, for cannabinoids to release their benefits, they must work in synergy. A product with a tiny amount of THC will always be more effective than one with no THC at all. This is known as the entourage effect.
Moreover, in some countries, cannabis is considered a "soft" drug, which means it can be marketed safely and legally. In this case, it will be essential to choose the right THC dosage to obtain a product that meets your needs, but is not too potent to avoid overdosing.
How does THC work in the body?
THC interacts mainly with the endocannabinoid systemsystem, a complex network present in your body.
This system is involved in regulating numerous bodily functions such as sleep, mood, appetite, memory and even pain management. It is made up of specific receptors, including CB1 receptors found mainly in the brain and central nervous system. CB2 receptors are found in immune cells and peripheral tissues.
When you take THC, this molecule binds primarily to CB1 receptors in the brain. This interaction can produce various effects, such as a feeling of euphoria, altered perception of time or deep relaxation. However, the effects vary from person to person, influenced by factors such as dosage, individual tolerance, emotional state and the way THC is consumed.
Conversely, other cannabinoids such as CBD and CBN (cannabinol) will interact more with the CB2 receptor. This type of cannabinoid will be less solicited in the brain, but rather in the whole body by the presence of CB2s located in tissues and cells. They promote a state of overall well-being by reducing pain, stress and insomnia.
The difference between THC and CBD
THC and CBD are the two star molecules of cannabis. Although they come from the same plant, they have very different effects and uses.
THC: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
THC is the molecule that can alter perceptions, induce euphoria and temporarily modify brain function. THC acts by binding strongly to CB1 receptors, mainly located in the central nervous system.
It is this interaction that triggers a general feeling of "high". Although some users report a beneficial effect on sleep quality and stress levels, THC is not recommended for immature brains (under 25), as it can permanently alter neuronal connections. By the way, Mama advises you to remain vigilant, as your reflexes will be impaired and you should avoid driving.
- Psychotropic effects (alters perception), illegal in some countries.
- Euphoria, relaxation or sometimes heightened anxiety, depending on the dose and the individual.
- Potentially useful for relieving pain, stimulating appetite and reducing insomnia.
CBD: cannabidiol
On the other hand, CBD has no psychotropic effects. This means it alters neither perception nor mental state. Unlike THC, CBD doesn't make you laugh and interacts more weakly with CB1 receptors. It focuses more on the CB2 receptors found in tissues. This could reduce inflammation and pain, as well as spasms, nausea and calm the nervous system. However, in high doses, it can also cause severe drowsiness.
- Calming effect without high or cognitive impairment.
- Reduces anxiety, inflammation and chronic pain.
- Used legally in many countries for its beneficial properties.
Precautions to take with THC
If you're curious about THC, it's important to remember that this molecule is not harmless. Its effects can vary from one person to another. Factors such as weight, age, frequency of use and mental state can influence the way THC affects you.
What's more, make sure you use a plant that complies with current legislation and is of the highest quality. This means no traces of synthetic cannabinoids, and organic, supervised cultivation. And don't hesitate to consult a health professional in the event of intolerance or serious dependency.